Submicroscopic Changes in the Hepatopancreas of Freshwater Mollusks Infected with Parthenites of Trematodes Echinoparyphium aconiatum (Echinostomida) and Plagiorchis elegans (Plagiorchiida)
Abstract
The study contains the results of the electron microscopic research of the hepatopancreas of Lymnaea stagnalis (Linné, 1758) molluscs infected by the Plagiorchis elegans (Rudolfi, 1802) Braun, 1902 and Echinoparyphium aconiatum Dietz, 1909 trematodes. With a high degree of invasion, fibrous connective tissue growth between lime and liver cells was observed. The number of vacuoles in the cell cytoplasm increased, and the structural organization of the plasma membrane was disrupted. Heterochromatin content decreases in the nucleus, karyorrhexis could occur. The cytoplasm contained single organelles and a large number of electron-dense granules, some cells were destroyed. At a high degree of invasion of L. stagnalis by partenites and cercariae of P. elegans, the nature of the destructive changes in hepatic and lime cells of the hepatopancreas had the same orientation as that of parasites in the mollusks of E. aconiatum trematode. However, the severity of the destructive changes in the hepatopancreas acini of mollusks invaded by the trematode P. elegans was much smaller, as evidenced by the absence of complete destruction of hepatic and lime cells.
References
Adam, R., Pipitgool, V., Sithithaworn, P., Hinz, E., Storch, V. 1995. Morphology and ultrastructure of the digestive gland of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalus (Prosobranchia: Bithyniidae) and alterations induced by infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Trematoda: Digenea). Parasitol. Res., 81 (8), 684-692.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00931847
Akimova, L. N. 2016. Current state of the fauna of digenes (Trematoda: Digenea) of gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the aquatic ecosystems of Belarus. Belarusian Science, Minsk, 1-243 [In Russian].
Akyildiz, F., Degerli, S., Ozpinar, N. 2019. Investigation of trematodes larval stages in mollusks collected from the river surrounding. 21st Parasitol Kongresi. Ismir, 201-207.
Choubisa, S. L. 2008. Mode of nutrition in pathogenic trematode larvae (redia and cercaria) which infect hepatopancreas of fresh water snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda). J. Parasit. Dis., 32 (1), 68-73.
Choubisa, S. L., Sheikh, Z., Jaroli, V. J. 2012. Histopathological effects of larval trematodes on the digestive gland of freshwater snail species, Vivipara bengalensis and Lymnaea acuminate. J. Parasit. Dis., 36 (2), 283-286.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-012-0116-1
Karupu, V. Ya. 1984. Electronic microscopy. Higher school, Kiev, 1-208 [In Russian].
Games, B. L. 1965.The effects of parasitism by larval Digenea on the digestive gland of the intertidal prosobranch, Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) subsp. Tenebrosa (Montagu). Parasitology, 55 (1), 93-115.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000068414
Ginetsinskaya, T. A. 1968. Trematodes, their life cycles, biology and evolution. Nauka, Leningrad, 1-411 [In Russian].
Kirichuk, G. E., Stadnichenko, A. P. 2010. Influence of trematode invasion and zinc ions of the aquatic environment on the features of histometry of hemocytes and some hematological parameters of Planorbarius purpura (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Bulinidae). Parasitology, 44 (1), 61-69.
https://doi.org/10.1615/HydrobJ.v47.i1.100
Kornyushin, V. V. 2011. Parasitology. MSU, Kiev, 1-128 [In Russian].
Luchtel, D. L., Martin, A. E., Detrup-Olsen, I., Boer, H. H. 1997. Gastropoda: Pulmonata. In: Harrison, F. W., Kohn, A. J., eds. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates. Volume 6 B. Mollusca II. Wiley-Liss, New York, 459-718.
Nacheva, L. N., Sumbaev, E. A. Micromorphological peculiar tissue changes molluscs in the development of larvae of trematodes. Nacheva L.V., Sumbaev E.A.. In: Theory and practice of combat diseases. Collection. Moscow; 2013.263-265. [In Russian].
Nevyadomska, K., Poimanska, T., Magnitska, B., Chubay, A. 2007. General parasitology. Nauk. Dumka, K ., 1-484 [In Ukrainian].
Paviotti-Fischer, E., Lopes-Torres, E. J., Santos, M. A. J., Brandolini, S. V. P. B., Pinheiro, J. 2019. Xiphidiocercariae from naturally infected Lymnaea columella (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in urban area: morphology and ultrastructure of the larvae and histological changes in the mollusk host. Braz J Biol., 79 (3), 446-451.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.182501
Rizk, E. T., Hamada, S. F., Abd-ElChangy, S. R, Ramez, A. M. 2014. Histopathological and biochemical investigations on the freshwaters snail Pirenella conica (Blainviella, 1829) infected with the developmental stages of Heterophyes sp. The Egyptian Society of Experimental Biology, 10 (2), 82-97.
Shakarbaev, U. A., Mingbaev, A. S., Akramova, F. D., Shakarboev, E. B., Azimov, D. A. 2013. Changes in the structure and functions of molluscs organs under the effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica larvae. Vestn. Zool., 47 (5), 457-461.
https://doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2013-0049
Souza, C. P., Cunha, R. C. P., Andrade, Z. A. 1995. Development of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria tenagophila, Biomphalaria straminea and Biomphalaria glabrata. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 37 (3), 201-206.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46651995000300004
Silva, J. P. 2003. Morfologia e ultraestrutura dos ovos e estágios larvais de Echinostoma paraensei Lie & Basch, 1967 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) e fisiologia comparada do seu relacionamento com Lymnaea columella Say, 1817 (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Tese de Doutorado em Ciências: Biofísica, 1-183.
Serbina, E. A. 2008. Influence of trematode parthenitis on the growth rate of the host mollusk (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Bithyniidae). Prazitology in the XXI century - problems, methods, solutions. Materials of the IV All-Russia. Congress of the Parasitological Island at the Russian Academy of Sciences. SPb., 3, 142-146 [In Russian].
Stadnichenko, A. P. 1972. On the pathogenic effect of trematode larvae on Viviparus vivparus (L., 1758) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Parasitology, 6 (2), 154-160 [In Russian].
Stadnichenko, A. P. 1977. Pathogenic effect of trematode larvae parthenitis on freshwater mollusks. Hydrobiol. zhurn. 13 (1), 117-125 [In Russian].
Stadnichenko, A. P. 2005. Histochemical indicators of harmful effects of trematodes on hepatopancreas of ramshorn snails (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Bulinidae). Vestn. Zool., 19 (2), 325-326.
Stadnichenko, A. P., Leichenko, A. M. 2010.Macromorphological and histopathological changes in the tissues of the vesicle (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Physidae) due to the influence of different stages of the life cycle of Cercaria dubia (Trematoda: Strigeidae). Bulletin of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. 1, 204-211 [In Ukrainian].
Usheva, L. N., Frolova, L. T. 2006. Morphofunctional changes in the digestive gland in the bivalve mollusk Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853) in normal conditions and with parasitic infection by trematodes. Biology of the sea. 32 (2), 115-124.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074006020040
Zhytova, O. P., Khomych, V. T. 2011. Emission of cercariae of trematodes as an indicator of lesion and pathohistological changes in the hepatopancreas of mollusks. Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical University named after M. P. Dragomanov . Series 20. 3, 109-115.
Zhytova, O. P., Kornyushin, V. V., Korol, E. M. 2013. Detection of virus-like particles of the Baculovirus group in gastropods under the trematode invasion conditions. XV Conference of the Ukrainian Scientific Society of Parasitologists; 2013 Oct. 15-18; Chernivtsi. Kiev, 45 [In Ukrainian].
Zhytova, O. P. 2015. Parasite-host relations in the system of trematodes-freshwater gastropods (under Ukrainian Polissya conditions). Thesis for a Doctor of biological sciences degree in speciality 03.00.25 - parasitology, helminthology., I. I. Shmalgauzen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 1-47 [In Ukrainian].
