Taxonomic Diversity of the Genus Tor (Cyprinidae) from Aceh Waters in Indonesia Based on Cytochrome Oxidase Sub-Unit I (COI) Gene

Z. A. Muchlisin; N. Fadli; A. S. Batubara; F. M. Nur; M.  Irham; A. A. Muhammadar; D. Efizon; Roza Elvyra; M. N. Siti-Azizah

doi:10.15407/zoo2022.03.195

Z. A. Muchlisin Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0858-1853
N. Fadli Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-1383
A. S. Batubara Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-9567
F. M. Nur Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9142-0630
M. Irham Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-6723
A. A. Muhammadar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8086-0099
D. Efizon Universitas Riau, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-7796
Roza Elvyra Universitas Riau, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-3611
M. N. Siti-Azizah Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2022.03.195

Keywords: threatened fish species, freshwater fish, genetic, mahseer

Abstract

The mahseer or keureling, members of the genus Tor J.E.Gray, 1833 are the commercial freshwater fish. It has potency to be cultivated commercially. Presently, no studies have been conducted on the molecular taxonomy of these fish. Hence, the objectives of the present study were to complement this morphological identification using the DNA barcoding gene, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Samples were obtained from seven areas of Aceh Province, namely; Aceh Besar, Aceh Barat, Nagan Raya, Aceh Selatan, Aceh Tenggara, Gayo Lues and Pidie Districts. A total of 140 fish samples have been collected during the sampling, of these 37 samples have been successfully sequenced. Based on the results of the sequencing data and blasting to NCBI data, only two species of Tor occur in Aceh waters: T. tambra (Valenciennes, 1842) and T. tambroides (Bleeker, 1854); while T. soro (Valenciennes, 1842) and T. douronensis (Valenciennes, 1842) were not validated.

References

Barriga-Sosa, I. D. L. A., Jimenez-Badillo, M. D. L., Ibanez, A. L., Arredondo-Figuuero, J. L. 2004. Variability of tilapias (Oreochromis spp.) introduced in Mexico. Morphometric, meristic and genetic characters. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 20, 7-14.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2004.00445.x

Desrita, D., Muhtadi, A., Tamba, I. S., Ariyanti, J. 2018. Morfometrik dan meristik ikan Tor (Tor spp.) di DAS Wampu Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Tropical Fisheries Management Journal, 2 (2), 68-74.

https://doi.org/10.29244/jppt.v2i2.26323

Hebert, P. D. N., Ratnasingham, S., deWaard, J. R. 2003. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 270 (Suppl. 1), 96-99.

https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025

Jha, B. R., Rayamajhi, A., Dahanukar, N., Harrison, A., Pinder, A. 2018. Tor putitora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T126319882A126322226.

Kottelat, M., Whitten, A. J., Kartikasari, S. N., Wirjoatmodjo, S. 1993. Freshwater Fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions Limited, Singapore.

Laskar, B.A., Kumar, V., Kundu, S., Tyaqi, K., Candra, K. 2018. Taxonomic quest: validating two mahseer fishes (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) through molecular and morphological data from biodiversity hotspots in India. Hydrobiologia, 815, 113-124

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3555-6

Menezes, M. R., Ikeda, M., Taniguchi, N. 2006. Genetic variation in skipjack tuna Katsuwanus pelamis (L) using PCR-RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. Journal of Fish Biology, 68 (supplement A), 156-161.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.00993.x

Muchlisin, Z. A., Siti-Azizah, M. N. 2009. Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in Aceh waters, northern Sumatera, Indonesia. International Journal of Zoological Research, 5 (2), 62-79

https://doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2009.62.79

Muchlisin, Z. A. 2010. The diversity of freshwater fishes in Aceh with emphasis on several biological aspects of the depik (Rasbora tawarensis) an endemic species in Lake Laut Tawar. Ph.D. Thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. 1-275.

Muchlisin, Z. A., Fadli, N., Siti-Azizah, M. N. 2012. Genetic variation and taxonomy of Rasbora group (Cyprinidae) from Lake Laut Tawar, Indonesia. Journal of Ichthyo- logy, 52 (4), 284-290.

https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945212030034

Muchlisin, Z. A. 2013. Study on the potency of freshwater fishes in Aceh waters as a basis for aquaculture and conservation development programs. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 13 (1), 91-96.

Muchlisin, Z. A., Thomy, Z., Fadli, N., Sarong, M. A., Siti-Azizah, M. N. 2013. DNA barcoding of freshwater fishes from Lake Laut Tawar, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 43 (1), 21-29.

https://doi.org/10.3750/AIP2013.43.1.04

Muchlisin, Z. A., Munazir, M., Fuadi, Z., Winaruddin, W., Sugianto, S., Adlim, M., Fadli, N., Hendri, A. 2014. Prevalence of ectoparasites on mahseer fish (Tor tambra Valenciennes, 1842) from aquaculture ponds and wild population of Nagan Raya District, Indonesia. Human and Veterinary Medicine, 6 (3), 148-152.

Muchlisin, Z. A., Batubara, A. S., Siti-Azizah, M. N., Adlim, M., Hendri, A., Fadli, N., Muhammadar, A. A., Sugianto, S. 2015 a. Feeding habit and length-weight relationship of keureling fish, Tor tambra Valenciennes, 1842 (Cyprinidae) from the western region of Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 16 (1), 89-94.

https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d160112

Muchlisin, Z. A., Fuadi, Z., Munazir, M., Fadli, N., Winaruddin, W., Defira, C. N., Hendri, A. 2015 b. First report on Asian fish tapeworm (Bothriocephalus acheilognathi) infection of indigenous mahseer (Tor tambra) from Nagan Raya district, Aceh province, Indonesia. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 18 (4), 361-366.

https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.877

Muchlisin, Z.A., Akyun, Q., Rizka, S., Fadli, N., Sugianto, S., Halim, A., Siti-Azizah, M. N. 2015 c. Ichthyofauna of Tripa Peat Swamp Forest, Aceh province, Indonesia. Check List, 11 (2), 1560.

https://doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1560

Muchlisin, Z. A., Arisa, A. A., Muhammadar, A. A., Fadli, N., Arisa, I. I., Siti Azizah, M. N. 2016 a. Growth performance and feed utilization of keureling (Tor tambra) fingerlings fed a formulated diet with different doses of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). Archives of Polish Fisheries, 24, 47-52.

https://doi.org/10.1515/aopf-2016-0005

Muchlisin, Z. A., Afrido, F., Murda, T., Fadli, N., Muhammadar, A. A., Jalil, Z., Yulvizar, C. 2016 b. The effectiveness of experimental diet with varying levels of papain on the growth performance, survival rate and feed utilization of keureling fish (Tor tambra). Biosaintifika, 8 (2), 172-177.

https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i2.5777

Muchlisin, Z. A., Nazir, M., Fadli, N., Hendri, A., Khalil, M., Siti-Azizah, M. N. 2017 a. Efficacy of commercial diets with varying levels of protein on growth performance, protein and lipid contents in carcass of Acehnese mahseer, Tor tambra. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 16 (2), 557-566.

Muchlisin, Z. A., Murda, T., Yulvizar, C., Dewiyanti, I., Fadli, N., Afrido, F., Siti-Azizah, M. N., Muhammadar, A. A. 2017 b. Growth performance and feed utilization of keureling fish Tor tambra (Cyprinidae) fed formulated diet supplemented with enhanced probiotic. F1000Research, 6, 137.

https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10693.1

Pinder, A., Katwate, U., Dahanukar, N., Harrison, A. 2018. Tor remadevii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T56096394A56717605.

Prioli, S. M. A. P., Prioli, A. J., Julio, Jr. H. F., Avanelli, C. S., de Oliveira, A. V., Carrer, H., Carraro, D. M., Prioli, L. M. 2002. Identification of Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei, Characidae) in the Iguacu River, Brazil, based on mitochondrial DNA and RAPD markers. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 25 (4), 421-430.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572002000400011

Raghavan, R., Ali, A. 2011. Tor malabaricus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T172457A6895822.

Sati, J., Sah, S., Pandey, H., Ali, S., Sahoo, P.K., Pande, V., Baratz, A. 2013. Phylogenetic relationship and molecular identification of five Indian Mahseer species using COI sequence. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34 (5), 933-939.

Singh, A. K. 2007. Biological and reproductive diversity in reverie as well as lacustrine golden mahser, Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) in central Malayas, India. In: Siraj, S. S., Christianus, A., Kiat, N. C., De Silva, S. S., eds. Mahser, the biology, culture and conservation. Proceeding of the International Symposium on the Mahseer. 29-30 March, 2006. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Fisheries Society. 79-97.

Tan, M.P., Jamsari, A.F., Siti-Azizah, M.N. 2012. Phylogeographic pattern of the striped snakehead, Channa striata in Sundaland: ancient river connectivity, geographical and anthropogenic signatures [corrected]. Plos One, 7 (12), e52089.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052089

Tautz, D., Arctander, P., Minelli, A., Thomas, R. H., Vogler, A. P. 2003. A plea for DNA taxonomy. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18, 70-74.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(02)00041-1

Walton, S. E., Gan, H. M., Raghavan, R., Pinder, A. C., Ahmad, A. 2017. Disentangling the taxonomy of the mahseers (Tor spp.) of Malaysia: an integrated approach using morphology, genetics and historical records. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 25 (3), 1-13.

https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2016.1251391

Ward, R. D., Zemlak, T. S., Ines, B. H., Last, P. R., Hebert, P. D. N. 2005. DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360, 1847-1857.

https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1716