RISK ASSESSMENT OF INTRODUCED FISH SPECIES AS A BIODIVERSITY MITIGATION EFFORT IN LAKE TOBA, NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA
RISK ASSESSMENT OF INTRODUCED FISH SPECIES AS A BIODIVERSITY MITIGATION EFFORT IN LAKE TOBA
Keywords:
Caldera, Geopark, Invasiveness, Diversity, Distribution
Abstract
Lake Toba has environmental and ichthyofauna diversity degradation due to human activities and invasive introduced fish species. To carry out studies regarding the identification of species, distribution patterns, densities and risks of introduced fish species as the initial information needed through scientific and measurable approaches. Research was conducted in Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia from June to August 2024 in ten research location. This research uses an exploratory method with measuring parameters including population density, Shannon-Wienner diversity index (H'), Evenness index (E) and Simpson dominance index (C). Furthermore, this research also measures the risk of invasiveness through the Fish Invasiveness Screening Test (FIST). There are nine introduced fish species that have been established in Lake Toba, including Amphilopus labiatus, Aplocheilus panchax, Cyprinus carpio, Mystacoleucus Padangensis, Oreochromis mossambicus, O. niloticus, Poecilia reticulata, Puntigrus tetrazona, and Xiphophorus helleri. Population density values show that P. reticulata has the highest average value reaching 6.02 ind/m2, followed by A. labiatus 2.21 ind/m2, M. Padangensis 0.21 ind/m2, O. niloticus 0.14 ind/m2, P. tetrazona 0.08 ind/m2, X. helleri 0.03 ind/m2, and 0.01 ind/m2 in A. panchax, C. carpio, and O. mossambicus, respectively. Diversity index analysis show low diversity (mean of 0.7), evenness index shows unstable community (mean of 0.46), and Simpson dominance index shows the presence of a dominant species (mean of 0.63). The results of the FIST analysis show that five introduced fish species are in the high risk category, three species have a moderate risk and one species has a low risk. O. niloticus, A. labiatus, C. carpio, O. mossambicus, and P. reticulata have a high risk for ichthyofauna diversity and in fact cause low diversity in Lake Toba.
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Published
2025-08-11
How to Cite
Batubara, A. (2025). RISK ASSESSMENT OF INTRODUCED FISH SPECIES AS A BIODIVERSITY MITIGATION EFFORT IN LAKE TOBA, NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA: RISK ASSESSMENT OF INTRODUCED FISH SPECIES AS A BIODIVERSITY MITIGATION EFFORT IN LAKE TOBA. Zoodiversity, 58(5). Retrieved from https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/714
Section
Ecology
