REDESCRIPTION AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF NEOECHINORHYNCHUS (NEOECHINORHYNCHUS) PLANILIZAI (ACANTHOCEPHALA: NEOECHINORHYNCHIDAE) FROM PLANILIZA ABU (HECKEL) (MUGILIDAE) IN IRAQ
Keywords:
Neoechinorhynchus planilizai, Planiliza abu, Iraq, revised morphology, molecular analysis, SEM.
Abstract
Neoechinorhynchus (N.) planilizai Al-Ayash, Gustinelli, Al-Nasiri, Caffara, 2021 was recently described from Planiliza abu (Heckel) in Iraq using line drawings. We update and complete that description using new ocular microscopy, SEM, and molecular analysis. New collections revealed structures that have not been previously reported including constricted proboscis, posterior hooks longer than middle hooks, bursa without sensory structures, spongy hypodermic tissue with lacunar channels under smooth cuticular surface, eggs with no fibrils, variable micropores, single ventral para-receptacle structure, large triangulate cephalic ganglion, a new papilla at the posterior tip of the proboscis receptacle, an anterior testis distinctly longer than posterior testis, short robust uterus a huge pot-shaped uterine bell, and two sets of ligament bundles emerging from the inner posterior tip of the trunk. No other taxonomic accounts of this species are known. The molecular analysis of N. planilizai is also described with sequences of the 18S nuclear ribosome generated and aligned with closely related sequences from GenBank database. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses demonstrated that N. (N) planilizai was nested within neoechinorhynchid clades. The presence of N. (N) planilizai with other Middle East species in the tree allowed its characterization for the first time using morphological and molecular features.
Key words: Neoechinorhynchus planilizai, Planiliza abu, Iraq, revised morphology, molecular analysis, SEM.
References
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Al-Ayash, Y. Y., Gustinelli, A., Al-Nasiri, F.S. & Caffara, M. 2021. Three new species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from fresh-water fish collected from Tigris River, Iraq. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 667-677.
Amin, O. M. (2013). Classification of the acanthocephala. Folia parasitologica, 60, 273–305.
Amin, O. M., Chaudhary, A., Heckmann, R., Ha, N. V. & Singh, H. S. 2019. Redescription and molecular analysis of Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) johnii Yamaguti, 1939 (Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae) from the Pacific Ocean off Vietnam. Parasite, 26, 43. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019041
Amin, O. M., Ahmed, M., Chaudhary, A., Heckmann, R. A. & Shanker, H. S. 2022. The morphological and molecular description of Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) poonchensis sp. n. from Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) in Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Folia Parasitologica, 69, 2022.001. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2022.001
Amin, O. M., Sharifdini, M., Heckmann, R. & Ha, N. V. 2019. On Three Species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the Pacific Ocean off Vietnam with the molecular description of Neoechinorhynchus (N.) dimorphospinus Amin and Sey, 1996. Journal of Parasitology, 105, 606–618.
Amin, O. M., Sharifdini, M., Heckmann, R. A., Rubtsova, N. and Chine, H. J. 2020. On the Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) complex, with a description of Neoechinorhynchus ponticus n. sp. from Chelon auratus in the Black Sea. Parasite, 27, 48. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020044
Amin, O. M., Ali, A. H. & Adday, T. K. 2023. The description of Neoechinorhynchus miniovalis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the mudskipper Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes (Gobiiformes: Oxudercidae) in Shatt Al Basrah Canal Southern Iraq. Acta Parasitologica, 69, 409-414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-023-00761-3. 3
Amin, O. M., Chaudhary, A., Caracciola, M. E., Ali, A.H., Rubtsova, N. Y., Al-Kuraizy, M. H., Singh, H.S. & de Souza, W. 2026. Updated morphological description and molecular analysis of Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) iraqensis (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Planiliza abu (Heckel) (Mugilidae) in Iraq. Helminthologia, in press.
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Byram, J. E. & Fisher, F. M. Jr. 1973. The absorptive surface of Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala). 1. Fine structure. Tissue and Cell, 5, 553-579.
Garcia-Varela, M. & Nadler, S. A. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of Palaeacanthocephala (Acanthocephala) inferred from SSU and LSU rDNA gene sequences. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1401-1409.
García-Varela, M., Pérez-Ponce de León, G., Aznar, F. J. & Nadler, S. A. 2009. Systematic position of Pseudocorynosoma and Andracantha (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences. Journal of Parasitology, 95, 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-1538.1
García-Varela, M., Pérez-Ponce de León, G., Aznar, F. J. & Nadler, S. A. 2013. Phylogenetic relationship among genera of Polymorphidae (Acanthocephala), inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68, 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.029
Herlyn, H., Piskurek, O., Schmitz, J., Ehlers, U. & Zischler, H. 2003. The syndermatan phylogeny and the evolution of acanthocephalan endoparasitism as inferred from 18S rDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 26, 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00309-3
Huston, D. C., Cutmore, S. C. & Smales, L. R. 2022. Molecular characterisation and updated description of Neoechinorhynchus aldrichettae Edmonds, 1971 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae), based on material from Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes) collected in Tasmania, Australia. Systematic Parasitology, 99, 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-022-10023-x
Kaur, P. & Sanil, N. K. 2021. Morphological and molecular characterization of Neoechinorhynchus (N.) cephali n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) Stiles and Hassall 1905 infecting the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the southwest coast of India. Parasitology Research, 120, 3123–3136.
Kita, Y., Waki, T. & Kajihar, H. 2024. Cystacanths of Bolbosoma (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from six species of marine fish around Japan, with molecular information. Species Diversity, 29, 317–325.
Lisitsyna, O., Oros, M., Ribas, A., Poonlaphdecha, S. & Barčák, D. 2025. Acanthocephalans from freshwater fishes in northeast Thailand with the description of a new species of the subgenus Acanthosentis Verma & Dutta, 1929 (Acanthocephala, Quadrigyridae). ZooKeys, 1233, 325–348. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1233.136533
Malyarchuk, B., Derenko, M., Mikhailova, E. & Denisova, G. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships among Neoechinorhynchus species (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from North-East Asia based on molecular data. Parasitology International, 63, 100–107.
Mhaisen, F. T. 2002. Literature review and check lists of acanthocephalans of fishes of Iraq. Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Science, 13, 13-25.
Mhaisen, F. T. & Abdul-Ameer, K.N. 2024. Checklists of fish hosts of species of Neoechinorhynchus Stiles & Hassall, 1905 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture, 21, 29-58.
Milne, I., Lindner, D., Bayer, M., Husmeier, D., McGuire, G., Marshall, D. F. & Wright, F. 2009. TOPALi v2: a rich graphical interface for evolutionary analyses of multiple alignments on HPC clusters and multi-core desktops. Bioinformatics, 25, 126–127. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn575
Near, T.J., Garey, J.R. & Nadler, S.A. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of the Acanthocephala inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 10, 287-298.
Malyarchuk, B., Derenko, M., Mikhailova, E. & Denisova, G. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships among Neoechinorhynchus species (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from North-East Asia based on molecular data. Parasitology International, 63, 100-107.
Thomas, J., Near, Garey, J. R., Nadler, S. A. 1998. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Acanthocephala Inferred from 18S Ribosomal DNA Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 10, 287-298. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1998.0569.
Pinacho-Pinacho, C. D., García-Varela, M., Sereno-Uribe, A. L. & Pérez-Ponce de León, G. 2018. A hyper-diverse genus of acanthocephalans revealed by tree-based and non-tree-based species delimitation methods: Ten cryptic species of Neoechinorhynchus in Middle American freshwater fishes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 127, 30–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.023
Pinacho-Pinacho, C. D., Sereno-Uribe, A. L. & García-Varela, M. 2014. Morphological and molecular data reveal a new species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Dormitator maculatus in the Gulf of Mexico. Parasitology International, 63, 763–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2014.07.003
Rosas-Valdez, R., Morrone, J. J., Pinacho-Pinacho, C. D., Domínguez-Domínguez, O. & García-Varela, M. 2020. Genetic diversification of acanthocephalans of the genus Floridosentis Ward 1953 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae), parasites of mullets from the Americas. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 85, 104535.
Ru, S. S., Rehman, A. U., Chen, H. X., Suleman, Khan, M. S., Muhammad, N. & Li, L. 2022. Morphology and molecular characterization of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) bilaspurensis Chowhan, Gupta & Khera, 1987 (Acanthocephala: Gyracanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Pakistan. Parasitology International, 90, 102608.
Sarabeev, V., Tkach, I., Sueiro, R. A. & Leiro, J. 2020. Molecular data confirm the species status of Neoechinorhynchus personatus and N. yamagutii (Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae) from the Atlantic and Pacific grey mullets (Teleostei, Mugilidae). Zoodiversity, 54. https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2020.01.001
Sharifdini, M., Amin, O. M. & Heckmann, R. A. 2021. The molecular profile of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) kashmirensis from the Indian subcontinent. Acta Parasitologica, 66, 863–870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-020-00331-x
Sereno-Uribe, A. L., López Jiménez, A., González-García, M. T., Pinacho Pinacho, C. D., Macip Ríos, R. & García-Varela, M. 2022. Phenotypic plasticity, genetic structure and systematic position of Neoechinorhynchus emyditoides Fisher, 1960 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae): a parasite of emydid turtles from the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Parasitology, 149, 991–1002. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118202200049X
Smales, L. R. 2013. A review of the genus Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Australia with the description of two new species. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 1106–1112. https://doi.org/10.1645/13-184.1
Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. 2021. MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38, 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
Whitfield, P. J. 1979. The biology of parasitism: An introduction to the study of associating organisms. University Park Press, Balti more, Maryland, 1-277.
Wright, R. D. & Lumsden, R. D. 1969. Ultrastructure of the tegumentary pore-canal system of the acanthocephalan Moniliformis dubius. Journal of Parasitology, 55, 993-1003.
Wright, R. D. & Lumsden, R. D. 1970. The acanthor tegument of Moniliformis dubius. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 727-735.
Al-Ayash, Y. Y., Gustinelli, A., Al-Nasiri, F.S. & Caffara, M. 2021. Three new species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from fresh-water fish collected from Tigris River, Iraq. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 667-677.
Amin, O. M. (2013). Classification of the acanthocephala. Folia parasitologica, 60, 273–305.
Amin, O. M., Chaudhary, A., Heckmann, R., Ha, N. V. & Singh, H. S. 2019. Redescription and molecular analysis of Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) johnii Yamaguti, 1939 (Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae) from the Pacific Ocean off Vietnam. Parasite, 26, 43. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019041
Amin, O. M., Ahmed, M., Chaudhary, A., Heckmann, R. A. & Shanker, H. S. 2022. The morphological and molecular description of Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) poonchensis sp. n. from Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) in Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Folia Parasitologica, 69, 2022.001. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2022.001
Amin, O. M., Sharifdini, M., Heckmann, R. & Ha, N. V. 2019. On Three Species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the Pacific Ocean off Vietnam with the molecular description of Neoechinorhynchus (N.) dimorphospinus Amin and Sey, 1996. Journal of Parasitology, 105, 606–618.
Amin, O. M., Sharifdini, M., Heckmann, R. A., Rubtsova, N. and Chine, H. J. 2020. On the Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) complex, with a description of Neoechinorhynchus ponticus n. sp. from Chelon auratus in the Black Sea. Parasite, 27, 48. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020044
Amin, O. M., Ali, A. H. & Adday, T. K. 2023. The description of Neoechinorhynchus miniovalis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the mudskipper Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes (Gobiiformes: Oxudercidae) in Shatt Al Basrah Canal Southern Iraq. Acta Parasitologica, 69, 409-414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-023-00761-3. 3
Amin, O. M., Chaudhary, A., Caracciola, M. E., Ali, A.H., Rubtsova, N. Y., Al-Kuraizy, M. H., Singh, H.S. & de Souza, W. 2026. Updated morphological description and molecular analysis of Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) iraqensis (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Planiliza abu (Heckel) (Mugilidae) in Iraq. Helminthologia, in press.
Barger, M. A. 2004. The Neoechinorhynchus of turtles: specimen base, distribution, and host use. Comparative Parasitology, 71, 118–129.
Barger, M. A. & Nickol, B. B. 2004. A key to the species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Turtles. Comparative Parasitology, 71, 4–8.
Byram, J. E. & Fisher, F. M. Jr. 1973. The absorptive surface of Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala). 1. Fine structure. Tissue and Cell, 5, 553-579.
Garcia-Varela, M. & Nadler, S. A. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of Palaeacanthocephala (Acanthocephala) inferred from SSU and LSU rDNA gene sequences. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1401-1409.
García-Varela, M., Pérez-Ponce de León, G., Aznar, F. J. & Nadler, S. A. 2009. Systematic position of Pseudocorynosoma and Andracantha (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences. Journal of Parasitology, 95, 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-1538.1
García-Varela, M., Pérez-Ponce de León, G., Aznar, F. J. & Nadler, S. A. 2013. Phylogenetic relationship among genera of Polymorphidae (Acanthocephala), inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68, 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.029
Herlyn, H., Piskurek, O., Schmitz, J., Ehlers, U. & Zischler, H. 2003. The syndermatan phylogeny and the evolution of acanthocephalan endoparasitism as inferred from 18S rDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 26, 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00309-3
Huston, D. C., Cutmore, S. C. & Smales, L. R. 2022. Molecular characterisation and updated description of Neoechinorhynchus aldrichettae Edmonds, 1971 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae), based on material from Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes) collected in Tasmania, Australia. Systematic Parasitology, 99, 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-022-10023-x
Kaur, P. & Sanil, N. K. 2021. Morphological and molecular characterization of Neoechinorhynchus (N.) cephali n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) Stiles and Hassall 1905 infecting the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the southwest coast of India. Parasitology Research, 120, 3123–3136.
Kita, Y., Waki, T. & Kajihar, H. 2024. Cystacanths of Bolbosoma (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from six species of marine fish around Japan, with molecular information. Species Diversity, 29, 317–325.
Lisitsyna, O., Oros, M., Ribas, A., Poonlaphdecha, S. & Barčák, D. 2025. Acanthocephalans from freshwater fishes in northeast Thailand with the description of a new species of the subgenus Acanthosentis Verma & Dutta, 1929 (Acanthocephala, Quadrigyridae). ZooKeys, 1233, 325–348. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1233.136533
Malyarchuk, B., Derenko, M., Mikhailova, E. & Denisova, G. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships among Neoechinorhynchus species (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from North-East Asia based on molecular data. Parasitology International, 63, 100–107.
Mhaisen, F. T. 2002. Literature review and check lists of acanthocephalans of fishes of Iraq. Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Science, 13, 13-25.
Mhaisen, F. T. & Abdul-Ameer, K.N. 2024. Checklists of fish hosts of species of Neoechinorhynchus Stiles & Hassall, 1905 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture, 21, 29-58.
Milne, I., Lindner, D., Bayer, M., Husmeier, D., McGuire, G., Marshall, D. F. & Wright, F. 2009. TOPALi v2: a rich graphical interface for evolutionary analyses of multiple alignments on HPC clusters and multi-core desktops. Bioinformatics, 25, 126–127. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn575
Near, T.J., Garey, J.R. & Nadler, S.A. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of the Acanthocephala inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 10, 287-298.
Malyarchuk, B., Derenko, M., Mikhailova, E. & Denisova, G. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships among Neoechinorhynchus species (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from North-East Asia based on molecular data. Parasitology International, 63, 100-107.
Thomas, J., Near, Garey, J. R., Nadler, S. A. 1998. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Acanthocephala Inferred from 18S Ribosomal DNA Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 10, 287-298. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1998.0569.
Pinacho-Pinacho, C. D., García-Varela, M., Sereno-Uribe, A. L. & Pérez-Ponce de León, G. 2018. A hyper-diverse genus of acanthocephalans revealed by tree-based and non-tree-based species delimitation methods: Ten cryptic species of Neoechinorhynchus in Middle American freshwater fishes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 127, 30–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.023
Pinacho-Pinacho, C. D., Sereno-Uribe, A. L. & García-Varela, M. 2014. Morphological and molecular data reveal a new species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Dormitator maculatus in the Gulf of Mexico. Parasitology International, 63, 763–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2014.07.003
Rosas-Valdez, R., Morrone, J. J., Pinacho-Pinacho, C. D., Domínguez-Domínguez, O. & García-Varela, M. 2020. Genetic diversification of acanthocephalans of the genus Floridosentis Ward 1953 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae), parasites of mullets from the Americas. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 85, 104535.
Ru, S. S., Rehman, A. U., Chen, H. X., Suleman, Khan, M. S., Muhammad, N. & Li, L. 2022. Morphology and molecular characterization of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) bilaspurensis Chowhan, Gupta & Khera, 1987 (Acanthocephala: Gyracanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Pakistan. Parasitology International, 90, 102608.
Sarabeev, V., Tkach, I., Sueiro, R. A. & Leiro, J. 2020. Molecular data confirm the species status of Neoechinorhynchus personatus and N. yamagutii (Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae) from the Atlantic and Pacific grey mullets (Teleostei, Mugilidae). Zoodiversity, 54. https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2020.01.001
Sharifdini, M., Amin, O. M. & Heckmann, R. A. 2021. The molecular profile of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) kashmirensis from the Indian subcontinent. Acta Parasitologica, 66, 863–870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-020-00331-x
Sereno-Uribe, A. L., López Jiménez, A., González-García, M. T., Pinacho Pinacho, C. D., Macip Ríos, R. & García-Varela, M. 2022. Phenotypic plasticity, genetic structure and systematic position of Neoechinorhynchus emyditoides Fisher, 1960 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae): a parasite of emydid turtles from the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Parasitology, 149, 991–1002. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118202200049X
Smales, L. R. 2013. A review of the genus Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Australia with the description of two new species. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 1106–1112. https://doi.org/10.1645/13-184.1
Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. 2021. MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38, 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
Whitfield, P. J. 1979. The biology of parasitism: An introduction to the study of associating organisms. University Park Press, Balti more, Maryland, 1-277.
Wright, R. D. & Lumsden, R. D. 1969. Ultrastructure of the tegumentary pore-canal system of the acanthocephalan Moniliformis dubius. Journal of Parasitology, 55, 993-1003.
Wright, R. D. & Lumsden, R. D. 1970. The acanthor tegument of Moniliformis dubius. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 727-735.
Published
2026-07-07
How to Cite
Amin, O., Chaudhary, A., Caracciolo, M. E., Ali , A. H., Al-Kuraizy , M. H., Rubtsova, N. Y., & S. Singh, H. (2026). REDESCRIPTION AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF NEOECHINORHYNCHUS (NEOECHINORHYNCHUS) PLANILIZAI (ACANTHOCEPHALA: NEOECHINORHYNCHIDAE) FROM PLANILIZA ABU (HECKEL) (MUGILIDAE) IN IRAQ . Zoodiversity, 59(4). Retrieved from https://ojs.akademperiodyka.org.ua/index.php/Zoodiversity/article/view/907
Section
Parasitology
